Description/Aim

This activity introduces the idea of counting principles through the game of blackjack. Much probability theory was developed because of parlour games and gambling so why not go back to basics? It is advisable (and fun!) to play the game of blackjack first with your class so that they can understand the rules.

Why we like this activity ….

The game provides a great hook into counting principles. No previous knowledge of combinations or permutations is required. The activity promotes discussion and sharing of ideas. The students love the fact that their maths could help them win some money (although I would not encourage anyone to start gambling!).

How this activity be used ….

When I introduced this activity I got the students to play the game of blackjack first (rules can be found here). I got hold of some gambling chips second hand and played a few rounds although you could use any type of counters. Only then did I give them the worksheet. I tried not to give them too many prompts so that they would discusss the ideas themselves.

What to expect when using this activity – from our experience

Expect and encourage discussions. The importance of order, "Is being dealt Ace, 7 different to being dealt 7, Ace?" is obviously the crux of many counting principles questions.

Extra Notes

There is a research question at the end. The mathematician Edward Thorp changed the way casinos were run. His strategy calculations and counting machine gave him a slight advantage against the house (casino). Counting machines are now no longer allowed in casinos, although the idea that counting is banned is a fallacy.